Question 1

In classical conditioning,if the acidity of lemon juice automatically causes your mouth to pucker,the lemon juice is the ________ and the puckering of lips is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   conditional stimulus; unconditioned response
B)   conditional stimulus; conditioned response
C)   punishment; conditioned response
D)   unconditional stimulus; unconditioned responseE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Last year,five-year-old Emily began a bedtime ritual that frustrated her parents.Shortly after being put to bed for the evening,Emily would begin a series of requests: "I need a drink of water." "Please read me another story." "I think something is under my bed.Come look!" Emily's parents finally resolved that they would not respond to Emily and warned her that once she went to bed,she was expected to go quietly to sleep.Through a long and difficult week,Emily's parents held firm and ignored her pleas and tears.Now,Emily drifts peacefully and quickly to sleep when she is put to bed.Emily's parents practiced the learning principle of

Accepted Answer

A)   punishment.
B)   extinction.
C)   positive reinforcement.
D)   modelling.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Twelve-month-old Ahmed pointed to an airplane flying overhead and said "Bird!" This is an example of the Piagetian process of

Accepted Answer

A)   concrete operations.
B)   accommodation.
C)   preoperational thought.
D)   assimilation.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

The theory that asserts that a child's learning of new cognitive skills is guided by an adult,more skilled child,or older sibling who structures their learning experience would be

Accepted Answer

A)   sociocultural theory.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   operant conditioning.
D)   the hierarchy of needs.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

The systems approach to human development takes into consideration the ever-changing (dynamic) interaction of personal factors with

Accepted Answer

A)   social relationships.
B)   biological systems.
C)   cognitive processing.
D)   external factors.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 6

The theorist who developed the theory of psychosocial stages was

Accepted Answer

A)   Sigmund Freud.
B)   Erik Erikson.
C)   Jean Piaget.
D)   B. F. Skinner.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Erikson is to Freud as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   assimilation; accommodation
B)   psychosocial; psychosexual
C)   identity; cognition
D)   reinforcement; mental categoryE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

________ is to Skinner as ________ is to Bandura.

Accepted Answer

A)   Intrinsic reinforcement; scheme
B)   Libido; assimilation
C)   Unconditional stimulus; working memory
D)   Reinforcement; observational learningE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

Discuss one major strength or contribution and one major weakness of Freud's theory.Discuss one major strength or contribution and one major weakness of Erikson's theory.

Accepted Answer

One major strength of Freud's theory is ...

Question 10

Alejandro and Miguel were shopping and saw a CD that they both wanted.Alejandro did not have the money to buy the CD,so he decided to steal it.Miguel decided to wait until he had saved the money as he had been punished by his mother for previously stealing a CD.Miguel is acting on his

Accepted Answer

A)   id.
B)   ego.
C)   superego.
D)   libido.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Roberta has been studying very hard and finds out that she has received an A+ on her English test.Her parents praise her and take her out to buy a new summer outfit.She is so happy that her parents are proud of her that she studies even harder for the next English test.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcement.
B)   negative reinforcement.
C)   partial reinforcement.
D)   extinction.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Fumi has dark skin.Her husband Liam has pale skin.Their children will likely have

Accepted Answer

A)   dark skin (dominant-recessive) .
B)   pale skin (dominant-recessive) .
C)   blended colour skin (polygenetic inheritance) .
D)   some with dark skin; some with light skin (polygenetic inheritance) .E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

What factor is generally considered to be an essential aspect of an infant's first psychosocial task?

Accepted Answer

A)   learning to control bodily sensations or developing shame if unsuccessful and not sensitively treated by caregivers
B)   becoming purposeful, goal-oriented, and assertive, which leads to conflicts with parents
C)   learning to differentiate tasks that can be accomplished independently and tasks that require assistance to accomplish
D)   being treated lovingly and predictably by caregivers and learning to trustE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 14

One of Freud's most important theoretical contributions is the idea that human behaviour is governed by conscious and ________ processes.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-actualizing
B)   unconscious
C)   sexual
D)   analyticalE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

A teacher succeeds in eliminating a student's undesirable behaviour by ignoring it.This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcement.
B)   extinction.
C)   shaping.
D)   partial reinforcement.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Theories that assert that development results from an accumulation of experiences are known as

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalytic theories.
B)   learning theories.
C)   cognitive theories.
D)   evolutionary theories.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

If Gregory says "doggie" to describe a horse,a cow,and an elephant,then he has not yet learned the Piagetian process of how to accommodate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Eleven-year-old Madison is expected to keep her room clean and to empty all trash and garbage in the house.When Madison is too busy to complete her household chores,she is grounded.Her parents tell her that until her room is clean and the trash is emptied she is to remain at home,have no visitors,and may not use her iPod.In this situation,grounding serves as a ________ for Madison.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcement
B)   intrinsic reinforcement
C)   punishment
D)   positive reinforcementE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Albert Bandura's social learning theory suggests that people are passive receptors of learning based on observation and modelling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Explain how Albert Bandura's concepts of observational learning and reciprocal determinism shape and influence development.

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura's concepts of observation...

Exam 2: Theories of Development

Explain how Albert Bandura's concepts of observational learning and reciprocal determinism shape and influence development.

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Albert Bandura's concepts of observation...
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Discuss one major strength or contribution and one major weakness of Freud's theory.Discuss one major strength or contribution and one major weakness of Erikson's theory.

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One major strength of Freud's theory is ...
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Twelve-month-old Ahmed pointed to an airplane flying overhead and said "Bird!" This is an example of the Piagetian process of

Correct Answer
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What factor is generally considered to be an essential aspect of an infant's first psychosocial task?

Correct Answer
verified

Alejandro and Miguel were shopping and saw a CD that they both wanted.Alejandro did not have the money to buy the CD,so he decided to steal it.Miguel decided to wait until he had saved the money as he had been punished by his mother for previously stealing a CD.Miguel is acting on his

Correct Answer
verified

The theory that asserts that a child's learning of new cognitive skills is guided by an adult,more skilled child,or older sibling who structures their learning experience would be

Correct Answer
verified

A teacher succeeds in eliminating a student's undesirable behaviour by ignoring it.This is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Roberta has been studying very hard and finds out that she has received an A+ on her English test.Her parents praise her and take her out to buy a new summer outfit.She is so happy that her parents are proud of her that she studies even harder for the next English test.This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

The systems approach to human development takes into consideration the ever-changing (dynamic) interaction of personal factors with

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Theories that assert that development results from an accumulation of experiences are known as

Correct Answer
verified

Erikson is to Freud as is to .

Correct Answer
verified

is to Skinner as is to Bandura.

Correct Answer
verified

One of Freud's most important theoretical contributions is the idea that human behaviour is governed by conscious and ________ processes.

Correct Answer
verified

Albert Bandura's social learning theory suggests that people are passive receptors of learning based on observation and modelling.

Correct Answer
verified

In classical conditioning,if the acidity of lemon juice automatically causes your mouth to pucker,the lemon juice is the and the puckering of lips is the .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The theorist who developed the theory of psychosocial stages was

Correct Answer
verified

Fumi has dark skin.Her husband Liam has pale skin.Their children will likely have

Correct Answer
verified

If Gregory says "doggie" to describe a horse,a cow,and an elephant,then he has not yet learned the Piagetian process of how to accommodate.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Theories of Development

Explain how Albert Bandura's concepts of observational learning and reciprocal determinism shape and influence development.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIAlbert Bandura's concepts of observation...View AnswerShow Answer

Discuss one major strength or contribution and one major weakness of Freud's theory.Discuss one major strength or contribution and one major weakness of Erikson's theory.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIOne major strength of Freud's theory is ...View AnswerShow Answer

Twelve-month-old Ahmed pointed to an airplane flying overhead and said "Bird!" This is an example of the Piagetian process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factor is generally considered to be an essential aspect of an infant's first psychosocial task?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alejandro and Miguel were shopping and saw a CD that they both wanted.Alejandro did not have the money to buy the CD,so he decided to steal it.Miguel decided to wait until he had saved the money as he had been punished by his mother for previously stealing a CD.Miguel is acting on his

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The theory that asserts that a child's learning of new cognitive skills is guided by an adult,more skilled child,or older sibling who structures their learning experience would be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A teacher succeeds in eliminating a student's undesirable behaviour by ignoring it.This is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Roberta has been studying very hard and finds out that she has received an A+ on her English test.Her parents praise her and take her out to buy a new summer outfit.She is so happy that her parents are proud of her that she studies even harder for the next English test.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The systems approach to human development takes into consideration the ever-changing (dynamic) interaction of personal factors with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Theories that assert that development results from an accumulation of experiences are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Erikson is to Freud as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is to Skinner as ________ is to Bandura.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of Freud's most important theoretical contributions is the idea that human behaviour is governed by conscious and ________ processes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Albert Bandura's social learning theory suggests that people are passive receptors of learning based on observation and modelling.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning,if the acidity of lemon juice automatically causes your mouth to pucker,the lemon juice is the ________ and the puckering of lips is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The theorist who developed the theory of psychosocial stages was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fumi has dark skin.Her husband Liam has pale skin.Their children will likely have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If Gregory says "doggie" to describe a horse,a cow,and an elephant,then he has not yet learned the Piagetian process of how to accommodate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Albert Bandura's concepts of observation...
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One major strength of Freud's theory is ...
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Erikson is to Freud as is to .

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is to Skinner as is to Bandura.

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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In classical conditioning,if the acidity of lemon juice automatically causes your mouth to pucker,the lemon juice is the and the puckering of lips is the .

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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