Question 1

In plants, the molecule that captures energy from sunlight is

Accepted Answer

A)   NADPH.
B)   chlorophyll.
C)   chloroplast.
D)   chromatin.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Nucleic acid synthesis occurs by polymerization of nucleotide monophosphates into DNA or RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The conversion of A into B has a $\Delta$G of +13 kcal/mol, and the conversion of C into D has a $\Delta$G of -25 kcal/mol. If the two reactions are coupled through an enzyme, such that A + C goes to B + D, what is the free energy change, and in which direction will the reaction proceed?

Accepted Answer

When two reactions are coupled, the chan...

Question 4

Antimetabolite chemotherapy succeeds as a treatment for childhood leukemia because

Accepted Answer

A)   cancer cells are dividing rapidly.
B)   cancer cells are qualitatively different from normal cells.
C)   normal cells are totally unaffected by the antimetabolite.
D)   normal cells are impermeable to the antimetabolite.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Fatty acids are broken down in a stepwise process, _______ carbon(s)  at a time.

Accepted Answer

A)   one
B)   two
C)   four
D)   sixE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

What is the definition of Gibbs free energy (G)?

Accepted Answer

G is the free energy of a reaction (in o...

Question 7

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose. In a formal sense, this is essentially the reversal of glycolysis. However, the actual reactions are different. Explain this.

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis is not an equilibrium set of ...

Question 8

In humans, how many amino acids must be taken up in the diet?

Accepted Answer

A)   0
B)   9
C)   19
D)   20E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

The production of one glucose from two pyruvates requires _______ more than is obtained through glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A)   2 NADH
B)   2 ATP and 2 GTP
C)   2 NADH and 2 ATP
D)   4 ATPE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

What is the change in free energy ( Δ\DeltaΔ  G)  for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   +12 kcal/mol
B)   -1.2 kcal/mol
C)   -7.3 kcal/mol
D)   -12 kcal/mol E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 11

Traditionally, it was assumed that ATP synthesis in mitochondria would be via high-energy phosphate group transfer intermediates, but none have ever been found. How does the chemiosmotic theory explain their absence?

Accepted Answer

According to the chemiosmotic theory, th...

Question 12

In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is used to drive the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A nucleotide is a

Accepted Answer

A)   base found in nucleic acids.
B)   purine or pyrimidine base plus a five-carbon sugar.
C)   purine or pyrimidine base, a five-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.
D)   purine or pyrimidine base, a five-carbon sugar, and three phosphate groups.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does the citric acid cycle occur? Be specific if the process or event occurs in only one part of an organelle. If you are not sure, give the location of the enzymes that catalyze the process.

Accepted Answer

The mitoch...

Question 15

The potential energy stored in the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation is totally chemical in nature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The _______ produced by the electron transport chain drives a flow of these ions through a complex of proteins called _______ to produce ATP from ADP and Pi.

Accepted Answer

proton gradient (ele...

Question 17

The reduction of atmospheric N2 to NH3 by certain species of bacteria is referred to as _______.

Accepted Answer

Question 18

What is the definition of free-energy change?

Accepted Answer

Free-energy change is the ener...

Question 19

Because fatty acids are synthesized by the stepwise addition of acetyl CoA derivatives, they differ in length by units of _______ carbon(s) .

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   4E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Suppose that in a cell culture experiment you add glucose uniformly labeled with carbon-14 to the culture medium. You then assay for the kinetics of carbon-14 incorporation into various amino acids. You find that carbon-14 is incorporated into histidine before it is incorporated into aspartate. Why?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids derive their carbon skeleton...

Exam 3: Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Traditionally, it was assumed that ATP synthesis in mitochondria would be via high-energy phosphate group transfer intermediates, but none have ever been found. How does the chemiosmotic theory explain their absence?

Correct AnswerverifiedAccording to the chemiosmotic theory, th...View AnswerShow Answer

The potential energy stored in the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation is totally chemical in nature.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reduction of atmospheric N2 to NH3 by certain species of bacteria is referred to as _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A nucleotide is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where in "typical" eukaryotic cells does the citric acid cycle occur? Be specific if the process or event occurs in only one part of an organelle. If you are not sure, give the location of the enzymes that catalyze the process.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe mitoch...View AnswerShow Answer

Fatty acids are broken down in a stepwise process, _______ carbon(s) at a time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the definition of Gibbs free energy (G)?

Correct AnswerverifiedG is the free energy of a reaction (in o...View AnswerShow Answer

In plants, the molecule that captures energy from sunlight is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The production of one glucose from two pyruvates requires _______ more than is obtained through glycolysis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the definition of free-energy change?

Correct AnswerverifiedFree-energy change is the ener...View AnswerShow Answer

Because fatty acids are synthesized by the stepwise addition of acetyl CoA derivatives, they differ in length by units of _______ carbon(s) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is used to drive the synthesis of ATP and NADPH.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antimetabolite chemotherapy succeeds as a treatment for childhood leukemia because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _______ produced by the electron transport chain drives a flow of these ions through a complex of proteins called _______ to produce ATP from ADP and Pi.

Correct Answerverifiedproton gradient (ele...View AnswerShow Answer

Nucleic acid synthesis occurs by polymerization of nucleotide monophosphates into DNA or RNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In humans, how many amino acids must be taken up in the diet?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the change in free energy ( Δ\DeltaΔ G) for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi in the cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The conversion of A into B has a Δ\DeltaΔ G of +13 kcal/mol, and the conversion of C into D has a Δ\DeltaΔ G of -25 kcal/mol. If the two reactions are coupled through an enzyme, such that A + C goes to B + D, what is the free energy change, and in which direction will the reaction proceed?

Correct AnswerverifiedWhen two reactions are coupled, the chan...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedAmino acids derive their carbon skeleton...View AnswerShow Answer

Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose. In a formal sense, this is essentially the reversal of glycolysis. However, the actual reactions are different. Explain this.

Correct AnswerverifiedGlycolysis is not an equilibrium set of ...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
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According to the chemiosmotic theory, th...
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The reduction of atmospheric N₂ to NH₃ by certain species of bacteria is referred to as _______.

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The mitoch...
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Correct Answer
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G is the free energy of a reaction (in o...
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Free-energy change is the ener...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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The _ produced by the electron transport chain drives a flow of these ions through a complex of proteins called _ to produce ATP from ADP and P_i.

Correct Answer
verified
proton gradient (ele...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What is the change in free energy ( $\Delta$ G) for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and P_i in the cell?

Correct Answer
verified

The conversion of A into B has a $\Delta$ G of +13 kcal/mol, and the conversion of C into D has a $\Delta$ G of -25 kcal/mol. If the two reactions are coupled through an enzyme, such that A + C goes to B + D, what is the free energy change, and in which direction will the reaction proceed?

Correct Answer
verified
When two reactions are coupled, the chan...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Amino acids derive their carbon skeleton...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Glycolysis is not an equilibrium set of ...
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